Charmed

Running head: CHARMED: MY FAVORITE TV SHOW Charmed: My Favorite TV Show Tolby Markham Kaplan University LS 526-01: Academic and Professional Writing for Graduate Students CHARMED: MY FAVORITE TV SHOW Charmed: My Favorite TV Show Charmed, I’m sure! Are you? Charmed is the story of The Charmed Ones – the most powerful good witches the world has ever known, whose job is to protect the innocent and not blow their cover. When their grandmother, Grams, suffers a heart attack, Prue, Piper and Phoebe Halliwell move back into the family manor in San Francisco where Phoebe discovers the legendary Book of Shadows hidden in the attic.Reading aloud a mystical incantation, the three sisters receive their Wiccan powers, which are needed to fight off evil. Despite wanting normal lives,  The Charmed Ones fight evil beings every day and have always been the most powerful source of good witches and good magic the world has ever seen. The perception of witches in American culture has und ergone a radical transformation in the last century as Americans have become familiar with scientific explanations for supernatural events.Because of this, there has been much less genuine fear or hysteria regarding the supposed use of occult magic. Yet the popularity of witches in America persists even today. In fact, the frequent appearances of witches in television and film have gradually changed the way most Americans think about witches. The most notable change has been in the presentation of women in these roles—from the evil, traditional â€Å"hag† witches in early works like Disney’s  Snow White  to the much more attractive and benevolent Halliwell sisters of the television series  Charmed.Magic in itself is fascinating. Having such a tremendous power id amazing and the responsibilities that come with it are enormous. Fighting demons, evil witches and warlords and CHARMED: MY FAVORITE TV SHOW the ultimate bad guy â€Å"The Source† is what th e Halliwell sisters are born and even one dies for. The three sisters, Prue, Piper, Phoebe and later Paige have such powers combined that they try to save the world everyday while trying to sustain a normal mortal life like everyone else in the world.The first in the line, Melinda Warren was burned at the stake but before this, she foresaw that each coming generation of witches in her family would grow stronger and stronger, culminating in the arrival of three sisters – the strongest good witches the world had ever seen; the three sisters would form the Power of Three making them the most powerful magical force ever to exist. The effect of a Power of Three bond being formed is that all the members' powers are pooled together into a  Collective. One of the benefits of this bond is  High Resistance.Of course, the downsides of this are that the amount of power one gains from this is relative to the level of the other beings involved, with the above example assuming that the beings involved are (at least more or less) the same strength. Another downside of this is that if one member dies it weakens the Collective, making the other members easier to kill off with the death of each member. However, on the flip side, more powerful (and hence higher level) beings are harder to kill/affect with ones powers than lower level ones i. e.Piper and the other various Charmed Ones have been shown to have taken direct hits from all kinds of attacks such as Fire and Energy Balls and live many times over whereas such attacks would vanquish any other magical creature instantly. The Triad  are also highly resilient to Piper's combustion power whereas other lower CHARMED: MY FAVORITE TV SHOW level demons usually disintegrate within seconds. Therefore this particular con is easily balanced out. Then there is the fact that this collective interconnects all of the members to each other in various metaphysical ways.Certain spells cast on one member may affect the others thr ough this interconnection such as when Prue was magically turned evil, causing Piper and Phoebe to turn evil also. A Power of Three bond can be broken in several ways. If the members use their powers on each other in a negative manner or atmosphere then the bond will be broken. Fortunately, this may be reformed by all of the members reconnecting with each other emotionally or something to that effect. For example, when the Charmed Ones used their powers on each other during an argument it shattered their Power of Three.However, later on they all got over the argument and showed their solidarity as a sister (which is where their Power of Three comes from) and hence reformed it. Another way, mentioned above, would be if one of the members died. Although this event is less likely the implications are more severe as the collective would be weakened beyond repair. Each sister has a distinctive power to help aid them in vanquishing the evil beings. The sisters’ powers are as follow s: * Prue Halliwell, played by Shannen Doherty, had the power of telekinesis and astral projection. CHARMED: MY FAVORITE TV SHOW Piper Halliwell, played by Holly Marie Combs, had the power to freeze time and also held the power of molecular combustion. With the death of Prue, Piper becomes the most powerful of all three sisters; * Phoebe Halliwell, played by Alyssa Milano, had the power of premonition, levitation and empathy, and * Paige Matthews, played by Rose McGowan, had the power to orb and telekinetic orbing. Rose took on the role of the third sister when Shannen left the show at the end of season three. During the show’s eight year run, Charmed was nominated for 30 awards and won 18.Just to name a few: * In 2006, Charmed became the longest running hour-long series featuring all female leads (Mitovich, 2006), and * Holly Marie Combs (Piper) was named the third greatest with in television history, only behind Samantha (Bewitched) and Willow (Buffy). In this same list was Alyssa Milano (Phoebe) at number seven, Shannen Doherty (Prue) at number tem and Rose McGowan (Paige) at number thirteen (Greenberger, 2012). To sum it up, if you enjoy the supernatural or if you like special effects, Charmed is the show for you.Charmed was a television series on the WB Television Network which ran from 1998 thru 2006 (IMDb, 2012). The show is now shown Monday thru Friday on the drama network TNT, from 7am to 8am and 8am to 9am (Turner Broadcasting Systems, Inc. , 2012). CHARMED: MY FAVORITE TV SHOW References IMDb. (2012, August 24). Retrieved from An Amazon Company: www. imdb. com Turner Broadcasting Systems, Inc. (2012, August 25). Retrieved from A Time Warner Company: www. tntdrama. com Greenberger, R. (2012, August 23). ComicMix. Retrieved from ComicMix, LLC: www. comicmix. com Mitovich, M. (2006). Charmed Hits a Final? Milestone. New York City: TV Guide.

Criminal Investigation (Arson) Essay

What are the similarities and differences between an arson investigation and a bombing investigation? Arson is the intentionally setting of fires to property, persons, and vehicles. Bombing can be defined as the offense of using a projectile, or explosive weapon to cause alarm, panic, danger, or death. There are many similarities and differences between the investigation of a bombing and the investigation of arson. The similarities to conducting an investigation for arson or bombing is as follows: 1) secures the scene upon arrival, have authorities evacuate the area and keep people from contaminating the crime scene further. 2) Notify the proper authorities or investigators to respond to the scene. 3) Begin the process of eliminating any accidental possibilities. 4) Begin to observe the structure, person, or object damaged by the fire or explosion and attempt to locate the point of origin. 5) Observe if any physical issues caused the damage. 6) Begin to collect and process the evidence. 7) Back track and make sure all information is taken and processed before leaving the scene. Be sure during the entire investigation we are using our senses and interviewing any credible witnesses. There are numerous differences when investigating an arson or bombing. Normally a bombing situation is going to be more chaotic, and have the possible for more causalities. During a bombing investigation, many other agencies including federal, local, and state agencies will deploy teams and personnel to assist. Bomb dogs and Bomb technicians will arrive on scene and control the security cordons for the scene. Many different groups and personnel will have certain jobs and duties to perform in order for the scene to become clear. During any bombing investigation a secondary (explosive) device needs to be discovered before any time of physical investigation can begin. After the scene is cleared a further investigation can began. During an arson investigation, the local Arson investigator will normally control the scene upon arrival and complete the arson investigation. Very  seldom do federal authorities become involved unless the arson occurs to federal property. Generally Arson investigations are not a chaotic and time sensitive as the bombing investigation. Arson investigations are filed through police and the fire department at most agencies. As shown there are many similarities and differences between an Arson investigation and a Bombing investigation. Both investigations are important and represent direct threats to our country, citizens and property.

Management practices-The case of global india Research Paper

Management practices-The case of global india - Research Paper Example The paper has examined the role of leaders in the Indian context and has also discussed a few case studies of some leading Indian companies. The findings are presented as a set of conclusions and reveal the gist of how Indian firms are successful and also certain disadvantages they have. The Indian economy has seen a contraction and for February, there was an overall contraction of –1.2% in the GDP for all overall economy. However, it has to be noted that the six core sectors had a growth of 2.2%. It must be reiterated that the Indian economy in the previous months for the 2008 had shown a growth of 7%. Inflation for February 2009 was at a rate of 3.45% and this actually went into a negative inflation of 1.27% in June 2009. The inflation has now climbed back to 1.2%. The fall in GDP has to be seen with the global perspective where the GDP of US, UK and Euro nations went into a recession in the later months of 2007 itself. When compared to these developed economies, the Indian economy has proved much more resilient. While there has been a certain of belt tightening in various industries and sectors, the banking sector has remained strong with no major failures of banks. Even the insurance and automotive sectors have not seen large-scale bankruptcies, job losse s and even frauds. There was one major fraud in the Indian IT industry with Satyam computers, but overall, the Indian industry has not seen frauds and disgraceful exits (FICCI, 2009). The main reason for the Indian economy to be so strong and resilient is that the core sectors have withstood the stresses of the economic recession. While exports form a major source of revenues for the IT industries, the other industries have sufficient internal demand and infrastructure industries such as steel, cement, construction have seen reductions in off take, but not a total closure. As seen in the above table, electricity, capital goods and

Marketing Communications Plan for Wanglaoji Herbal Tea Essay

Marketing Communications Plan for Wanglaoji Herbal Tea - Essay Example The objective of the present study is to prepare a strategic internal marketing communications plan for Wanglaoji Herbal Tea. A previously completed context analysis helped in identifying key internal and external issues, which will be discussed in the next section. Taking cue from the context analysis, strategic communications plan will be conceptualized with respect to present marketing conditions, distribution and market space and promotional objectives of Wanglaoji Herbal Tea. 1. The tea market is dominated by five brands, Tetley, PG Tips, Lipton, Betties and Taylors and Himani. Currently, Tetley is the market leader with 27 percent share (Research and Markets, 2014). Even though Wanglaoji Herbal Tea is gaining popularity among health drinkers, the current market is still low compared to normal tea makers. 2. As a result of increasing awareness among consumers regarding health benefits and negative effects of excessive caffeine or tea, more number of established tea and coffee brands are entering into the herbal tea market, intensifying competition for Wanglaoji (Armstrong and Kotler, 2012). 3. Big companies such as, Tetley and Coca-Cola, pose threat to Wanglaoji as they have captured high share of market and have the advantage of sophisticated and big budget marketing and communications plan. 4. The advertising expense of Guangzhou is higher than average industry, which might be a constraint while entering the English market. The company has limited capital to invest in the English market. Hence, the company is at present unable to spend on big-budgeted campaign, which might be a weakness, when compared to the high budgets of other beverage companies present in the UK market. 5. Organizational identity is another issue identified during internal context analysis. While Wanglaoji Herbal Tea is a well-known and recognized brand

Follow the instruction Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Follow the instruction - Assignment Example This paper will analyze the NFL official strike by assessing the status of three interrelated elements of negotiations including information, Relative Bargaining Leverage (RBL) and timing. The 2011 NFL official strike had been attributed by several factors including the salary cap, rookie salaries, season length, revenue sharing and television contracts, safety and health benefits of the players, free agency guidelines and financial information. Research asserts that the lockout could be identified as a work stoppage that was imposed by the officials of NFL’s 32 teams (Grappone 1). During the strike period, the players were restricted from seeing the doctors or communicating with the coach or accessing the team facilities. The officials also had an issue with the officiating accuracy of games by referees such as Wayne Elliot. Therefore, the CBA rights were renounced, and a court ruling was made in order to end the lockout. The three elements of negotiations including information, Relative Bargaining Leverage and timing were rather crucial in this lockout because they substantially assisted in the end of the lockout. This was after the implementation of new CBA rights and addressing the salary issue through RBL. This asserts that information and proper timing was rather crucial in the resolution of the strike (Grappone 1). Therefore, these three aspects can be employed in real life situations in order to solve disparities among individuals. For instance, an individual should have enough information regarding the situation, in order to develop a Relative Bargaining Leverage within the shortest possible time. Thus, this is extremely helpful for most individuals. Grappone, Jimmy. NFL Referee Lockout Ends: How a Public Relations Crisis Saved the NFL Season. Carolina: Bleacher Press, 2012. Web.

Economic devlopment in tanzania and oman Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Economic devlopment in tanzania and oman - Essay Example On the other hand, Soheir Mohamed Hegazy writes about the economic development initiatives that Oman has taken over time. She relates the advancements in the economy of the nation to its cultural set-up while proposing the needfulness for the betterment of the tourism infrastructure. Therefore, this work will present an analysis of two articles; Tanzania in Transition: from Nyerere to Mkapa by Wangwe (2010) and Conservation of Omani archaeological sites, Haratal Bilad by Hegazy (2014). The analysis will, therefore, give the background for the comparison of the historical developments of the two economic systems. Professor Samuel Wangwe is an economist and economic advisor to the government of Tanzania, as well as a policy researcher who has played a role in several organizations. He is a presiding member of the Independent Monitoring Group (IMG), a body that is responsible for supervising the partnership of the government of Tanzania and donors. The chapter, therefore, reviews the challenges and the improvements that the government has gone through altogether and provides an insight as to the suggested course of action that will suit the government of Tanzania at best. Wangwe gives a brief background information regarding the history of Tanzania economically. The government officials developed strategic reforms basing on the economic crisis that arose during the 1980s, which primarily targeted finances (Utz 2008). As the time progressed, the government and its regime sought to integrate institutional reforms into their agenda. However, this was proved to be a challenge since it required an advanced gradation of obligation from administrative figures, which was not put in place. Consequently, donors noted the limitations and shortcomings and believed that the government was not interested in its promised programs. Contrarily, the government felt that donors were intrusive in the

Perspectives on the Organizational Buyer Assignment

Perspectives on the Organizational Buyer - Assignment Example It is important for marketers to market their products to large buyers, as they are vital to the business. In addition, geographical concentration has important implications as firms can focus and put more effort in areas that have a high potential of purchasing the company’s products. Moreover, firms should ensure there is distribution of large volumes of products to a huge proportion of customers. The business marketer should as well understand the legal systems and the contractual side of the government. This includes the knowledge of the government requirements for effective negotiations. Some of these contracts include the fixed price profit where there is stability in inflation and costs are controlled. Secondly, the cost reimbursement which works when there is a need for developmental efforts. Marketers should also be aware of available opportunities in institutional markets that include hospitals, universities, and schools (Hutt & Speh, 2008). Finally, they should respond to the distinctive purchasing needs all market segments. Marketing organizations are structured in such a manner that customer markets turn into the centers in which firms are organized. This is the reason why organizations’ marketing efforts focuses on market sectors like the institutions, the governments, and the local and international

Artical Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Artical - Article Example Social media is commonly perceived as effective communication platform. The objective of this study was to understand the diverse role of social media, especially when it has become a common interactive platform. Through analysis of two events of social media, the researchers explored whether social media is just an online slacktivist tool for users or it actually guides and integrates people in hard times. When it is easier for a user to become part of a cause by simply signing a petition online, there is no need to get involved in the cause physically then. Social media has successfully made it easy to participate and be present. From one aspect this is a positive implication, but from another, it makes social media a slacktivist forum and not a real activist. To evaluate this perception, the study tests following two hypotheses. H2: Social media provides easy and faster means of engagement. In social media, people acquire help in no time as there are always sufficient and quick sources available to provide assistance. Social media has much larger scope of communication as people simply post for help and their message reaches to more than billion users on Facebook and twitter. For testing hypothesis, the study covers two main events in social media, Giving-Tuesday and Snowed-out-Atlanta. Giving-Tuesday refers to a day when people give charity to charitable organizations. Snowed-out-Atlanta refers to a Facebook page, which gained attention for help when snow caught whole Atlanta region, causing major trouble to the city life of the region. 16493 tweets were downloaded to see how people responded to Giving-Tuesday. Similarly, researcher downloaded 371 posts on Facebook to relate to the Snowed-out-Atlanta event. People who posted and tweeted both came out as participants of the study. Using main keywords, researcher analyzed

Transactional and Transformational Leadership Assignment - 1

Transactional and Transformational Leadership - Assignment Example Transformational and transactional leadership relate to trait theory, skills approach, and the behavioral perspective in a number of ways. The trait theory primarily dwells on the fact that leader’s personality influences their levels of performance at the workplace (Laureate Education, 2012). Thus, as a leader may be applying his innate skills of leadership he can choose to incorporate the transformational approach. The transformational approach comes in through motivation of the employees to working hard towards ensuring that the overall objectives set are achieved (Danforth et al., 2010). The leader can also use the transformational approach to make his subjects likeminded and aligned towards achieving the set objects. As well, the transactional theory may be used in the traits theory to offer supervision and controlling of employees. This approach can be adopted when the leader is seeking to find quality results by supervising the manner in which the employees work. The skills approach takes into account the knowledge and skills of the leader. Most of this knowledge is obtained from learning and experience from previous work. Looking at the skills approach vis a vis the transactional and transformational approach, it is evident that the two styles can be used together to enhance the productivity of the employees. A skillful leader may adopt the transformational approach in encouraging and motivating the employees to work hard towards achieving the intended objectives. Relatively, the transactional approach can be adopted in the skill theory when the leader intends to supervise the manner in which the employees work (Eliyana, 2010). The transactional leadership, therefore, enables the leader to take control of the work environment and monitor closely what the employees are doing. The behavioral perspective of leadership can also be used together with the transformational and transactional leadership.

Example of a Small Business Performing a SWOT Analysis Essay Example for Free

Example of a Small Business Performing a SWOT Analysis Essay Learn more about performing a SWOT analysis before reading the case study. Background The three members of the leadership team at a small marketing consulting firm were interested in expanding their offerings to their clients. Currently the firm has 20 employees (including the three members of the leadership team) many of whom are consultants with the balance being administrative and marketing staff. The last time the company had done a SWOT analysis was when they were first starting up in business and were working on their business plan. The SWOT session enabled them to develop their business plan by having them think through their business goals and objectives for viability and feasibility. At the time, the three of them, plus a few members of their Advisory Council participated in the SWOT analysis. The goal of this SWOT session would be to: * Determine ways to better position the company in marketplace. * Determine new products and services to offer clients to better compete in a crowded marketplace. Preparing for the SWOT session The leadership team wanted to set aside 3 hours for the SWOT session. Given that the business was small, the leadership team felt that everyone should participate. The following decisions were made: * All 20 employees would participate in the SWOT session * A Friday morning in mid-summer would be set aside for the session (and†¦as a â€Å"thank you† for participating – employees would be given the balance of the day off to spend with family and friends) * The focus of the SWOT session would be toward determining products and services to offer to clients and that information would be provided to participants beforehand so they can begin to think about it * A professional facilitator would be brought in to lead the session since this SWOT exercise was essential to the company’s continued growth and success Additionally, the leadership team was going to provide all participants with a copy of the SWOT analysis done at the very beginning – before the business venture began. While it had a different purpose, it would be valuable for the SWOT session participants to view it and, from the leadership perspective, it would be interesting to compare then to now. The SWOT session Brainstorming was used during the SWOT session to gather data for the company’s strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. The facilitator led the group – starting with strengths and working through to threats. An hour was allocated for this task. Each participant spent time writing on sticky notes their thoughts, ideas, opinions, beliefs and known truths regarding the company’s strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. When done, all of the information was posted on the walls under the appropriate heading (e.g. Strengths, etc.) Prioritizing the information The next hour and a half was spent reviewing the data with an eye toward: * Looking for themes/commonalities – combining similar sticky notes under themes (e.g., Customer Service) * Prioritizing based on: * Significant information/data provided by large numbers of participants (e.g, ineffective use of social media was mentioned 15 times!) * What could be â€Å"quick hits† for the company to start to effectively compete against the competition * Products and service ideas that can be created within a year’s time frame The table below is a small sampling of the data gathered during the brainstorming session. This particular data is selected as when they prioritized their efforts these were the areas of focus. STRENGTHS| WEAKNESSES| OPPORTUNITIES| THREATS| * Long-term employees committed to the company * Customers love the work done by the company * Customer retention is high * Well-known brand in the local area * Company has made a profit every year in business * Client base was growing| * No blog on the website * Ineffective use of social media * No global customers * The business hasn’t expanded in the last few years and seems stagnant. * No presence at trade shows or industry events/ conferences * No â€Å"new blood† bringing in fresh ideas * Client base not growing as quickly as in past| * Ask current customers to refer business * Use social media and blogging to build brand name and gain new customers * Expand business nationally * Target smaller start-ups who needed strong marketing to get their business off the ground * Provide sales support services for clients * Offer dashboards for tracking marketing| * Competition was increasing * A number of local competitors were already blogging and utilizing social media * Current customers wanted social media consulting and it was difficult to do so when the company doesn’t do social media themselves * Lots of individuals and other new small businesses â€Å"popping† up who do marketing consulting| Based on the information gathered during the brainstorming sessions and what the participants believed could be accomplished in a one to two year timeframe to have a significant impact on the business, the following was decided to meet the objectives: Objective: Better position the company for success in the marketplace | Objective: New products and services| * Develop a blog * Assign responsibilities for social media accounts: LinkedIn, Twitter, Facebook * Ask current customers to refer business * Expand business nationally| * Develop and offer dashboards for customers to manage marketing initiatives * Provide services to start-ups who need a strong marketing initiative * Provide social media services and support| Next steps The company’s next steps were to take the projects they decided to accomplish toward achieving their goals and: * Assign responsibility for that project * Develop a project plan including a timeframe and budget needs * Prioritize the projects further * Begin work! A survey done of all participants after the SWOT session showed that they were excited about the process and the path they had developed to help meet company goals. By getting all employees involved, the leadership team showed that they valued all employees and wanted their contributions to help make the company a success. Once a month the leadership team would meet with each project lead to check on project status. It was decided that on an annual basis employees would participate in SWOT sessions to work on strategy for the upcoming year. As the company grew, employees would have the opportunity to participate on a rotating basis.

The Media And The Economics Of Sport Sport Essay

The Media And The Economics Of Sport Sport Essay This essay analyses the relationship between sport and media and how they affect each other in the modern world. It uses some practical cases to demonstrate what sport brings to media when sport enters into the media field and what media brings to sport when media come into the sports sphere. In addition, there will be a comparison between sports and media in the West and in China. Background of sport and media Regarding the development of sport and media, Real (1998:14) stated that â€Å"the world of sports in the age of mass media has been transformed from nineteenth century amateur recreational participation to late twentieth and early twenty-first century spectator-centered technology and business†. In the past, sport was just defined as a competitive and organized physical activity. Moreover, most participants consisted of sports enthusiasts and their purpose was to gain more happiness from sport. However, after undergoing more than a century of reform and changes, the present concept of sport now refers to other industries, such as media, economics and culture. In these industries, sport and media have an obvious ‘marriage relationship in global sport. In terms of the media, it can be considered as a collective noun of diverse types of media (What is media, 2005). It contains many communicative paths in different fields, such as television, radio, newspaper and internet. Nevertheless, with the high speed of sport development and popularity, more and more people are beginning to focus on sport events and relevant sport industries. Due to the increasing number of spectators, media has become an indispensable pathway for the sports industry service whilst it is a good combination between media and sport. Actually, Schirato (2007:82) stated that â€Å"the 1936 Berlin Olympic Games presaged a development which is by now very familiar to us about the integration of sport into the field of the media†. Through the advocate of media, it promotes sports events throughout the world and possesses more kinds of new demographics. Modern sport and media developed into the global With more and more professional sport events and international level mega sport events held, the developing tendency of sport and media turns to globalization. One typical example is the modern Olympic Games; it attracts the attention of sports spectators worldwide because of the establishment of the Main Press Centre (MPC) and International Broadcasting Centre (IBC). Certainly, the game also can promote many modes of media transmission development, for instance newspaper sales, development of communication technology, increased radio, television ratings and advertising revenue (Schirato, 2007). Sports broadcasting is a necessary and essential element to stimulate the sport and media to come into a global period. Purchasing the TV rights is one of the best ways to expand global media coverage. It will give confidence and escalate the interest of sports events and sports clubs, meanwhile enhancing the price of sports events, sport merchandise sales, the benefits from advertisers and s port sponsor supporting. The final goal is to gain most money from these aspects. Ashutosh Srivastava (2007) as a CEO of Singapore-based MindShare Asia Pacific said that â€Å"there is no greater dramatic product like sports, it can have emotions running high and have people glued to the sporting action either on the field or on television sets†. Under the global economics environment, sport and media are also entering into the time of commoditization and commercialism. Some sports clubs have begun to operate a business management model; they consider their professional sportsmen as commodities which can be traded with other sports clubs thereby obtaining the profit from the transfer fee. David Beckham is one of the biggest deals, his transfer fee touched ï ¿ ¡24.5 million when he was sold from Manchester United to the Spanish giants Real Madrid (Beckham joins Real Madrid, 2003). Since the appearance of sports stars, some commercial businesses have developed, such as merchandising with reference to sports stars, souvenirs from the sports stars club and some business activities using sports stars as an ambassador. All of these are so significant that sports clubs can better hunt for and extend their fans bases worldwide meanwhile in order to maximize their revenue. The relationship of sport and media Currently, sport and media can be called a perfect combination in todays society. They have gone beyond simple reporting relationship between sport and media, and have formed a mutual promotion and common development of the situation. Sports and media now belong to a sunrise industry now. In the context of industrial cooperation this is inevitable and the outlook will be very good. The relationship between sports and the media can be said to be long. When the ancient Greeks Feilibisi experienced a long run from the town of Marathon to Athens and declared a message of peace, it means sports and information dissemination had been linked inextricably. Furthermore, reporting entered the media stage, sports news was one of the main contents of the media. As early as 100 years ago, the United States sports journalist Pulitzer took the media to attract audience contact as one of the three magic weapons; the other two were scandal and sin (Wang, 2003). At the present day, his insight is even more confirmed. Not to mention the constant bombardment of sports coverage. Light from the endless landscape of sports newspapers and unlimited professional sports channels can be seen. Sport as one of the most common activities for entertainment, certainly can attract much attention, so the increasing popularity of the sports media is also a matter of course. However, the media wh ich focuses greatly on sport, not only depends on this basic reason, but is also relevant with its own characteristics of sports reporting. The first feature is sports reporting, sports news with fun, emotion and entertainment, as well as sports which are inseparable from its characteristics. On â€Å"Sports†, the dictionary has this explanation: An entertainment activity which requires physical strength, wisdom and skill of the game or sports, it requires physical strength more or less, according to the traditional form or set of rules, and sometimes as a career in outdoor or indoor. Sport, in itself (especially competitive sports), is a colorful process. Often, it makes the results unpredictable and fun. Therefore, spectators can watch sports away from the pressure of life experiencing physical and mental pleasure. Thus sport has become an indispensable part of peoples life. This reason is the most fundamental reason that people are fond of sports news, while also it is a fundamental characteristic of sports news. Second, the coverage of the sports audience is extensive, which is unmatched by other news reports. Once addicted to sport, regardless of ethnicity, national boundaries, gender or age, this hobby can accompany people throughout their whole life. Again, the content and style of sports coverage are free. One side is recreational sports coverage, it making far away from sensitive areas such as political ideology, so it has full coverage of space and the path of reporting. On the other side, sport is a common language around the world, just because of this commonality, so that peoples concern is not only limited to their domestic sports, but also throughout the world. For example, the soccers English Premier League, the NBA basketball and so on. This phenomenon which has now appeared in China is evident now, especially, sports reports. Concerning foreign competition, which outnumber domestic reports. Finally, the modern media technology creates more sports reports, it includes a very strong sense of involvement, an sense of audience and provide a better reason for sports people to choose sport reports. Sports appreciation, audience participation and experience are the most common states of mind. With the increasingly sophisticated number of communication in the modern media, such as newspapers, magazines, text and pictures, television and radio live broadcast, these pathways enable the viewer experience without leaving home to enjoy the same scene of the warm atmosphere and the real picture or sound. Moreover, television has slow motion function; allowing viewers to appreciate details of the real world. Spectators can even be involved in the games directly through technological methods are participated in the quiz. Generally speaking, all these reasons mean that regardless of the audience of sports report, the sport content, or the sport environment and other news reports, sport reports have their unique advantages in comparison with other reports, hence the prosperity of sports reports can be said to be inevitable. The relationship between sports media and sports is also logical and close. However, in recent years, we can easily find the relationship between sports and media is changing, not just reporting and being reported this simple rule. Media began to hold sport events, Bailey and Johnson, the world-renowned flying trapeze war is a typical example, actually it was held by television station; Another instance, in China the New Peoples Daily sponsored an event named Tianyuan cup go game in a recent decade and has a great influence; In the western countries, the media magnate Rupert Murdochs Sky TV control the broadcast of English Premier League. The European Super League Group raised by th e partners, media, and many famous football clubs in Europe are behind the network as a support, such as AC Milan support by Fininvest networks and Berlusconis media company, the Paris Saint Germain Club support by French cable television network and GANAN. To the extent of infiltration, media and Sport has been linked inextricably with each other. Win-win situation in the sport and media industry In Western countries, the sports industry originated in very early time when it experienced several years development. The sports industry has become huge. The management of sport market is increasingly mature and the sports industry in many countries has become a pillar industry for their national economy. In U.S, the sports industry is one of the most developed industries. In 1999, the sports industry output value over the petrochemical, automotive and aerospace, primary metal and wood processing industry and other important industrial sectors current output in the same year. It ranks 11th in the national economy compared with other various sectors (Cheng, 2000); In Italy, â€Å"football industry† is the main body in the sports industry. It has belonged to the list of 10 national pillar industries in the late 80s; in the twentieth century, the United Kingdom Sports industry output value reached 70 billion pounds, also exceeded their output value of automotive industry and th e tobacco industry. The government obtained revenue more than 2.4 billion pounds from the sports industry, it equivalent to the government appropriation funds five times. In 2001, the global sports industry output value has reached an amazing number was 400 billion U.S. dollars. In sports as an industry, there is no doubt that profit is the first thing. To get more economic benefits, sports have to attract more viewers. Similarly, for the purpose of cost-effectiveness of the media, the news reports can be considered as an intermediate of their business products. As a matter of fact, this media product management will assemble the audience and their own pages or hours to sell them to advertisers, thereby, obtain more benefits from the revenue. In here, this sale is called the audiences attention resources. The industrialization of sports and media, they has been put together by attention economy, to coexist and prosper simultaneously. Sport is deemed as the most important source for the media, also it can be said that media create the public market and the market returns are very essential support for the sport. On the other hand, sport requires accumulating popularity in itself, requiring to bonding degree, whilst it needs to own one professional skills and capabilities of specialized industry. In addition, it permits to have impact on the media industry. Consequently, the cooperation between the media industry and the sports industry is a natural, logical, win-win cooperation perfect combination. This kind of â€Å"attention economy† discards the previous simple relationship between reporting and being reported, close cooperation and common development in sport and the media (Yu, 2002). In recent years, it can be said that western countries sports industry development nearly from the outset has branded a deep mark on the media. If develop one sport as an industry to, the first problem is the available development money. While, the media for the sports industry development contribution was stemmed from the Switzerland World Cup in 1954. The 1954World Cup in Switzerland created the first time television broadcasting for the World Cup football game. In view of the value of football, the game attracts some multinational companies participation, such as Coca-Cola and Kodak. It stimulated this sportfootball and the football in the media development towards turn to prosperity. After this sport and media cooperation, The International Federation of Association Football (FIFA) has gained the current 200 counties members from the original six member countries, meanwhile FIFA also is the largest international federation. In the early 1980s, the organization of America National Basketball Association (NBA) still was a heavily indebted organization and nearly closed down. But when Stern took office, he convened a group of experts in the field of law and television; meanwhile he set up the television and media communications department. This step made NBA enter a successful and new era. In the end of 1980s, the NBA TV sales have been accounted for more than 55% of total revenue. In addition, with each new contract signed with NBA, their revenue could increase more than 50%. On March 11th 2004, American Broadcasting Corporation (ABC), ESPN Sports Television Network, America Online and Time Warner announced that they have jointly bought the television rights of America Basketball League (NBA) in next four years. This total contract value reached 2.64 billion U.S. dollars and it created a new record of NBA television broadcast fees. The Montreal Olympic Games in 1976 and the Moscow Olympic Games in 1980 all lost every cent invested; therefore it was announced that the model of government funding to host the Olympic Games would stop. Up to 1984, Los Angeles was the only bid city to host the Olympic Games. The American businessman Ueberroth did not apply money from the government. He just relied on 700 million U.S. dollars from raise financing. For this reason, the Los Angeles Olympic Games could be considered as single-handedly organized. More importantly, this game made 215 million U.S. dollars net profit in the end (Kotler, 1993). This kind of mode from individual person to sponsors of the Olympic Game was called â€Å"Uederroth mode†in the further years. In this mode, the Olympic television broadcast rights had the most opportunities to gain profit from it. According to China Daily, one popular foreign newspaper in China, the International Olympic Committee (IOC) announced the National Broadcasting Comp any (NBC) spent 22 billion U.S. dollars to win the TV rights for the 2010 Winter Olympic Games and 2012 Summer Olympic Game in the United States on June 6th in 2003. In 1995, the NBC spent 15 billion U.S. dollars to bid the television broadcast rights for 2006 Turin Winter Olympic Games in Italy and 2008 Beijing Summer Olympic Games. The Moscow Olympics hold in 1980, the TV revenue was 87.9841 million U.S. dollars. The TV rights sales, TV advertising auction, and the income of commercial sponsorship all of these were take up more than 90 percent of the Olympic Game (Kotler, 1993). The common development space of sport and the media With the progress of social civilization, sport has become an essential part of modern life. The relationships of media and sport have been reached an unprecedented level. Especially in the field of television, due to commercial packaging, it enhances the sports games entertainment and extends the range of sports audience that attracts more people who rarely or never participate in sports. Under this background, the sport governing bodies have to upgrade the issue of TV broadcasting to a high degree of strategic development of sports. Accordingly, the sports media are developing continuously. In U.S, there are more than 1500 TV stations, nearly 12,000 local radio sports programs by broadcast, and the sports programming audience who watching 179 hours in average in a year. Focus on print media, according to the data of SRDS market research firm, in 1996 the United States more than 1,500 daily and 7,500 weekly newspapers, majority of its have their sports pages. In addition, there have 19% of the total number of news journalists for sports report. Particularly, the three major U.S. television networks: American Broadcasting Company (ABC), Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS) and National Broadcasting Company (NBC) for the competition, including the Olympic Games broadcast rights and other attention-grabbing battle, at the same time some rising stars such as the Fox Broadcasting Company (FOX), United Paramount Network (UPN), Warner Brothers network (WB) and ESPN sports channel involved. In 1995, only three European bro adcast sports television network now has more than 20 sports channels, they kept broadcast the live of sports programmed and sports video to 150 million cable channels and satellite households (Samuelson, 1992). Conclusion Regardless of the media industry or sports industry, its development are still just beginning, its potential of development and profit margins are enormous. Because of these, it attracts more eyes from investors to invest the sport and the media industry in the future. In China, the most obvious example is the Chinese Football League. In 2003, China Football League title sponsorship fee was touched 140 million yuan (Jinghua Newspaper, 2003). Moreover, more and more domestic enterprises have invested in football and the amount of annual money increasingly. Shide is one famous Group in China, its investment in football more than 100 million in each year. Meanwhile, Chinas basketball, volleyball, table tennis, chess and other sport events are also have been launched the operation of commercial club system, this point attracting more investments. Therefore, both domestic and foreign researchers have described these two industries perfect combination is a sunrise industry, and they confirmed that this industry will have a prospect development in the future. The sports and media are all built on the attention economy and are called sunrise industry. Not only they have common platform for cooperation, but also they own the same market for future development. As a result, whatever in terms of capital investment or consider its own development, it can described as a marriage made in heaven. Especially Chinas successful bid to host the 2008 Olympic Games; it is a great opportunity to accelerate the development of the whole Chinese sports media and sports industry. References: Adrews, P. (2005). Sports journalism: a practical guide. London, SAGE Publications. Hundley, H and Billings, A. (2010). Examining Identity in Sports Media. Los Angeles, SAGE Publications. Kotler, P. (1993). Marketing Management: Analysis, planning, implementation and control. 6th ed., New York, Science Press. Lu,Y.Z. (2000). Sports Sociology in China. Beijing, Beijing Sport University Press. Real, M. (1998). Media Sport: technology and the commodification of postmodern sport, in L.Wenner (ed.) Media Sport. London, Routledge. Rowe, D.C. (1999). Sport, Culture and the Media. 2th ed., London, Open University Press. Samuelson, P. (1992). Economics. 12th ed., New York, China Development Press. Schirato, T. (2007). Understanding Sports Culture. London, SAGE Publications. Schultz, B. (2002). Sports Broadcasting. Boston, Focal Press. Chen, S.T. (2000). Exploration of the American sports industry. International Advertising, No.11 edition, 2000. Jinghua Newspaper, (2003). A league won 140 million naming rights. Jinghua Newspaper, March 7th. Yu, G.M. (2002). The reality of the Chinese sports media development and future trends. Beijing World Sports Forum, May 24th, 2002. Agencies. (2007). [online]. Last accessed 19 April 2010 at: www.tsinghua.edu.cn/docsn/cbx/cft/xinxi/xinxi-shalong-wu.htm Beckham joins Real Madrid. (2003). [online]. Last accessed 19 April 2010 at: http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/front_page/2998868.stm Wang, Y.Q. (2003). [online]. Last accessed 19 April 2010 at: www.tsinghua.edu.cn/docsn/cbx/cft/xinxi/xinxi-shalong-wu.htm

Essay --

David Kim (djk2) 12/18/13 Phil 316 – Philosophy of Law Final Exam A.) Legislator facing a religious challenge 1.) Your society in general tolerates free public expression of opinions. What are the possible justifications for making this exception? Which is the best or are none of them acceptable? (20 points) The most obvious reason for which we may be justified in limiting the free expression of religious ideas in society is by utilizing Mill’s Harm Principle. The principle states that the only reason for which a society may be justified in limiting the liberty of individuals is to prevent harm to others. The question under these circumstances then becomes whether those proselytizing for the minority religion really are causing harm in the relevant sense to others. It clear that the majority of people in this society would be outraged at the actions of those practicing the minority religion, however it is not clear that those in the majority religion really are being harmed. There does not seem to be any imminent threat of physical harm, and property is not being destroyed. We might want to make the argument that those in the majority religion are being psychologically/mentally harmed, however this is philosophically difficult to prove, and the fact remains that intrinsic human ri ghts to one’s body or property are not being violated. According to the Harm Principle, we are only justified in imposing sanctions when a direct harm is made against a person or their human rights, and since this is not the case – we are not justified in banning the minority religion on a strict interpretation of this principle. An alternative possibility is to claim that the harm principle sets the bar too high for imposing sanctions and that a more... ... It is less clear however, the degree to which this man ought to be punished given the fact that he had an underlying mental condition, and also was provoked by the other man. The existence of these two mitigating factors could be cited in order to reduce this actor’s sentence. Contrasting this case with another example (taken from the movie A Beautiful Mind) of a schizophrenic father who unknowingly leaves his child in a bathtub with the water running to attend to a hallucination, thereby drowning the child – makes it clear that in this scenario, a charge of murder does not seem appropriate. The difference seems to be that in this case, there was no malicious intent to kill, and the blame for the death of a child can more fully be attributed to the schizophrenic mental condition than the actor himself. Intuitively, this does in fact seem to be a legitimate excuse.

The Core Rules Relating to Nursing Practice Essay -- Ethics, Health, Nu

ETHICAL ISSUE Ethics is a philosophic study that examines values, choices, and actions to determine right and wrong. Ethical principles include but not limited to; Justice, beneficence, nonmaleficence, veracity. The case study which I am going to discussed in my paper is about an LPN, who was working from 7:00 P.M to 7:00 A.M. And was assigned to five patients, including a patient for whom an obstetrical consultation was needed. The other four patients were essentially stable. At about 4;30 A.M., the LPN became ill and vomited in the bathroom. She immediately went to the nurses’ station notified the other four nurses who were working with her that she was leaving. The charge nurse instructed her to notify the supervisor before leaving, but the LPN did not communicate with the nursing supervisor before existing the facility. The facility notified the LPN that it was terminating its contract with her and reported the LPN to the state board of nursing for abandonment. The board of nursing imposed a $ 1000 penalty for abandoning her patients and suspended her nursing license pending a psychosocial examination. According to The Texas Board of Nursing (BON or Board),† in keeping with its mission to protect the public health, safety, and welfare, holds nurses accountable for providing a safe environment for clients and others over whom the nurse is responsible [Rule 217.11(1)(B)]. Though the Nursing Practice Act (NPA) and Board Rules do not define the term abandonment, the Board has investigated and disciplined nurses in the past for issues surrounding the concept of abandonment as it relates to the nurses’ duty to patient. The Board's position applies to licensed nurses (LVNs and RNs... ... to prevent harm. Nonmaleficence is defined as: The duty not to inflict harm intentionally. Based on my viewpoint, the LPN did not intentionally inflict harm on the patient’s. According to her statement, she became ill and decided to leave the facility and the reason she didn’t communicate with her supervisor was because she was afraid that the supervisor would send her to the emergency center, which she didn’t want to be billed for such a visit. Veracity is defined as truth-telling and based on my point of view, the LPN was not telling the truth, when she testified that she intended to see her family physician early that same morning. It was 4:30 am when she left the facility and there is no way she could have seen her family physician that morning unless she went to the emergency room which she refused to go making her guilty for abandoning her patients.

Teenage Binge Drinking in the United Kingdom :: essays research papers

Binge drinking is becoming ridiculous in the UK. I believe that the real consequences from binge drinking is the amount of violence caused by it on the streets. I believe the majority of people binge drinking and causing violence are young adults and the groups of teenagers also known as charvers. This paper is mainly going to express my views on the teenagers (charvers) binge drinking as I am also a teenager and withhold alot of knowledge about these people. Charvers are also the teenagers that bully people at school, steal cars, fight in large numbers and binge drink through out the week and look foward to drinking and fighting on the weekends. These people also think that the way to build their repuatation is to be a rebel, set them selves about, fight, pay no respect to anyone but people who supply them with stuff they want and cause trouble. These teenagers are the group of teenagers normally to wear hoodies, caps, berghauses, and took their trousers into their socks. They dress like this as they believe doing so will make people recognise what time of person they are also allowing them to gain a 'better' reputation. So, these are the people i feel commit the most binge drinking and violence resulting from it. As i have mentioned they enjoy fighting and binge drinking for different reasons. Therefore i believe there should deffinetly be more strict punishments when teenagers are court drinking on the streets. At the moment teenagers found drinkin have their names taking or are taking home. For many teenagers (charvers)this doesnt bother them as it builds their reputation and for them to be such an uncaring person they normally have incaring parents which means a visit from the police isn't 'really bad'.

Globalization and its Effects Essay

Research revelations in (Lardy, 2002, pp. 87-103) hold it that those countries which embraced globalization experienced an average of 5% growth, while those that shunned the concept experienced varied degrees of decline. Regardless of its positive impacts, Globalization if mishandled in one way or another can spell doom to a nation; this is due to the powerful economic vulnerable position that it puts a country on. As the economy grows, and international boarders linked, so does the non-traditional threats of terrorism, heightened rate of the spread of infectious diseases (SARS and HIV/AIDS) and other cross-boarder security issues. Globalization is an irreversible move and every nation has just to content with its effects, there is no short cut out of it; the best way to approach it therefore is to counter its effects and use them to the advantage of a national economy. Upon realizing this fact, the Chinese government went down into reconfiguring their economy to counter any negative outcome of globalization, for instance, it has affected reforms in the domestic banking and created diplomacy in defining international trade to at least protect Chinese interests (Susumu, 1999, p. ). Since globalization rolls the whole world into a single tiny village, the Chinese political big wigs have seen it necessary to consider the diverse effects that have in the past been not prioritized at all like; unregulated capital flows, cybercrime, epidemics, weapon proliferation and international terrorism. Top seed Chinese thinkers even believe that through the international institutions, globalization can be used to democratize t he United States and reduce their unilateralist political power. And if this concept is exploited well, China will grow into a rich and powerful nation, stable enough to shape the New World Order (Susumu, 1999, pp. 5-11). The Chinese economy stands to gain a lot in the current global direction that the nation is set on. With the current financial crisis, it does call for active international coordination to stay afloat and reduce incidences of worker lay offs. It will have mutual benefits for those who dare to fully participate in its drive. By getting to know the measures that other countries have put in place to counter biting effects, China has found a compromise point and forge a way forward through the current economic hard times. If the nation fine tunes its capital market and effects banking reforms, then it will help the world emerge out of the current economic crisis and even those of the future (http://www. unu. edu/unupress/unupbooks/uu11ee/uu11ee0p. htm). Globalization has helped China to gain a significant economic growth through breaking cultural bondage and establishing policies that lead to liberalization in this modern world. With the positivity that the nation has had on globalization, their current economic ranking rose to 7th from 32nd in the world, thanks to the integration with the world economy. The growth is attributed to increased corporate governance and human resource optimization. The positive effects of globalization as given in (Lardy, 2002, pp. 160-219) to the Chinese economy therefore include; strengthening interdependence in all nations, opening opportunities to bring into maximum use foreign capital and technology, promoting free trade that increase export trade. Lardy also gives highlights of the negative impacts presented by globalization, which he says are the following, but not limited to; difficulties in maintaining economic sovereignty especially for the developing nations and widening the rifts between the well industrialized economies and the marginalized ones. Globalization brings into play varied practices hence leading to cultural mix up; this is worse in a society which values originality like the Chinese. Besides these, it also results to an intensified competition for limited resources and higher scale of interdependence. To this effect, each and every person must acquire a way of coping up with the new development and adapt the new practices in the competitive environment. Traditional practices are most likely to be dropped in favor of new rules as individuals cooperate and coordinate with one another. To the Chinese government, they are currently down on what can be referred to as â€Å"system maintenance†. The nation has sought to have a stable relationship with its allies and foes a like as it feels that is the only way to rise above all the odds in the international system. To this effect, it has improved the level of democracy, which has in turn boosted its relationship with former foes like Germany, Russia, E. U and France (Susumu, 1999, pp. 11-15). Such a move will help China to actively participate in multinational institutions and transnational economic structures which will put it in a good position to counter future financial challenges with ease. For whichever government in place, it must strive to establish significant policies that can speed up development in all sectors of the economy. Even though globalization can cause a lot of hardships to the poor, it also opens opportunities to this group of individuals who dare to take advantage and turn the ills to their benefit. Poor people in this context refer to the recipients of public services, simple workers and those who frequently use common property resources to survive. With increased competition, the poor may find it hard to match high quality market standards hence falling out f business as production cost shoots or as the market price fluctuates. Social protection is therefore mandatory to be effected by every state that intends to go the global way, and China is not left out (Bardhan, 2004, pp. 271-278). Globalization affects poverty directly and indirectly, the government in place should get down on programs for instance investing on public facilities like health, education, training and other economic and social infrastructure that will cushion the public from the negative effects of globalization. These steps will go along way in reducing discrimination and market fragmentation in the society. Whilst the quality of life of many people will change for the better, some individuals will definitely lose it out. Globalization will present opportunities for everyone to grab and those who sleep on the idea and strive to maintain the status quo will be on the losing end. Resources drawn from every corner of the world will be made available; the same applies to technological advancement which makes things to be done much faster and easier. But one negative outcome of this is that the introduction of too much mechanization from the outside world will drive people out of employment as companies strive to achieve efficiency and reduce the production cost. But despite the negative effects, if properly affected, globalization stands a chance in ensuring that the nationals have a quality life worth living (Bardhan, 2004, p. 284). The advent of globalization presented so much challenge to the CCP (China Communist Party). People were getting more and more enlightened, especially with issues concerning their civil rights. Revolutions and a little bit isolated cases of political disability were therefore unavoidable and characterized the period. Labor standards became a thorny issue, as workers pushed to have their conditions be the same as those in the U. S. when labor barriers were eliminated production operations shifted directions to the U. S. The strain was not only felt in the labor market, the same was witnessed in the education, political, social and professional sectors which responded to accommodate the changes. All these under the CCP had to be addressed as they developed a force which needed political direction (Ding Lu, 2003, pp. 23-37). But all these moves were out of a good cause as it has helped the country to stay afloat above surging challenges. The future of the move seems to be no different as the party will have to employ the same tactics of changing with the changes. And more complex will be the future non traditional issues on security like; having to deal with separatists, drug traffickers, smugglers, cross-boarder criminal acts, ecological and environmental issues. Conclusion Globalization has been reported to be the force behind the robust economic growth in China as industrialization also took a centre stage in the country. But it is the imbalance in the international systems and national economies that are causing negative effects of the force. The financial crisis is not attributed to globalization and neither will it be the last straw to hit globalization, the government of China and all other world leaders should come up with mechanisms to coordinate the world market to strengthen their resistance to crises. Globalization tries to act like blanket of neutrality over the international capital flow and power relations. The successes that the nation is enjoying now area as a result of ancient liberalization and the move should never be dropped, for it is the only way to keep China and the rest of the world abreast as they ward off economic pitfalls. The programs which are meant to reduce the pathetic situation of the disadvantaged in the society should not only be meant to accelerate economic growth, but also help these individuals.

Angela McRobbie’s Analysis of Jackie Essay

This essay will be exploring Angela McRobbie’s analysis of Jackie and why the magazine has seen a new found popularity in recent years. Jackie was a popular British weekly teenage girls’ magazine published by Scottish company D.C. Thomson which was published from 1964 up until 1993. It was named after the children’s author Jacqueline Wilson who worked for D.C. Thomson at the time. The magazine was most popular with girls in the age range of 10 to 14. Before Jackie made its debut, magazines aimed at teenaged girls were normally romance orientated comic strips such as Mirabelle, Romeo and Valentine. Although Jackie did indeed feature romantic stories, they were not the main focus of the magazine. Features that had normally previously featured only in women’s magazines such as problem pages, fashion pages, reader’s true life stories, and hair and beauty advice were now introduced to a teenage population. Indeed Jackie was written by the women’s magazine department of D.C. Thomson rather than the one focused on children’s comics such as The Beano and The Dandy. Taking all this into consideration, it could be argued that Jackie provided the blue print for the modern teenage girl’s magazines. In her analysis, McRobbie says she feels that Jackie tapped into the biological nature of teenage girls, when they start to become more curious about their changing bodies and start to show an interest in the opposite sex. The Cathy and Claire problem pages were a popular feature with readers of the magazine, and many problems readers wrote in with mainly focused on boys and other common problems that come hand in hand with growing up. McRobbie believes that one purpose of the magazine was to prepare girls for the â€Å"brief flowering† period that many young working class women in that time had before marriage – but after they had just left school and started work – and so had freedom and a disposable income to go out with their f riends to pubs and dances and buy adult items such as clothes and make-up. Richard Hoggart discusses this period in his analysis of working class teenage girls in his book The Uses of Literacy. One feature Jackie was famous for was its photo stories that provided a stepping stone to fame for celebrities such as Fiona Bruce and Hugh Grant, which were usually of a romantic nature, in the style thought to appeal to the young women of the target audience. These provided girls with a romantic ideal which McRobbie discusses in her analysis of the magazine, McRobbie believes that young girls are conditioned to seek romantic based  relationships instead of sexual ones and that romantic stories like the ones that featured in Jackie and other magazines aimed at teenaged girls at the time helped to reinforce this. Again, these can seem comically clichà ©d and dated by the standards of today. In fact, one of the reasons that Jackie may have regained popularity is that this style of article, although probably reasonable at the time written, seem almost laughable and maybe also politically incorrect by today’s standards (for example one article featured in The Best of Jackie Annual on ways how to attract boys suggests that a girl should try sitting on a park bench â€Å"looking tearful†, and a fashion feature refers to plus sized girls as â€Å"fatties† and very slim girls as being â€Å"stick like†). To many people in 2012, these almost seem like satire. Indeed, on the popular bookselling website Amazon, The Best of Jackie Annual and it’s spinoffs such as Dear Cathy and Claire – The Best of Your Favourite Problem Page can be found under the sub-category â€Å"Humour†. A feature that can be found in The Best of Jackie Annual, which had previously been published as a part of an actual Jackie Christmas annual, on how to survive Christmas parties advises the readers to be wary of drunken bosses and uncles making passes at them. This is disturbingly mentioned in a casual and almost light hearted fashion, like it is a common occurrence to be expected, and perhaps even tolerated. The idea of a girl so young being put in a vulnerable position with a much older man, especially one who is in a position of authority or a relative, would be unlikely to be treated in this fashion today. This article may appear humorous to some people in a dark way, simply because it is so shocking and highly inappropriate by today’s standards. Another reason why Jackie may have seen a new increase in popularity is because older women, who would have been readers of Jackie in the past, may want to look back at their youth and remember a much simpler time before they had children to worry over, bills to pay, jobs (or lack of them) and mortgages. Looking back on the past is something which has always been very popular with people and becomes more common during times of economic recession, like the one Britain (and Europe in general) has been struggling with in recent years. There are numerous discussions on the internet in forums with older women talking fondly about their experiences and memories of reading Jackie. When Jackie stopped being published in 1993, D.C. Thomson realised a new magazine aimed at teenaged girls called Shout,  which could possibly be seen by some people as a rebranding of Jackie. Shout is still being published today and I compared a recent copy of Shout from May 2012 to a copy of Jackie from June 1981. Both magazines feature a celebrity on the front cover, with Shout having Cheryl Cole and Jackie having Adam Ant, and both also have tampon adverts on the back covers. A similar layout to that which Jackie used, and which McRobbie discusses in Jackie: An Ideology of Adolescent Femininity, is used in Sh out. Problem pages, fashion pages, celebrity gossip, hair and beauty advice, â€Å"pin-ups† of attractive male celebrities, horoscopes and reader’s true-life stories all feature in both magazines, although there are clear generational differences in these articles between the two magazines. Advice given in the problem pages of Shout is more concerned with more serious issues such as sex and alcohol abuse and also offers career advice. In the days of Jackie’s popularity girls were not often encouraged to stay on to do further education after the compulsory school leaving age and usually got married at an age which would be considered very young today, whereas today many girls go on to go to college and university and choose to put off marriage and having children to a later stage in life, if they opt to at all. Jackie also contained sewing and knitting patterns, which are things which are no longer common hobbies with teenaged girls today. This is likely due to fashionable clothing being sold cheaply in supermarkets and high-street stores such as Primark and Asda. The popularity of teenage magazines is currently on the decline, with many once popular magazines no longer being published. This is possibly due to the fact that the features of teenage magazines such as celebrity gossip, hair and beauty tips and updates on the latest fashions are readily available on the internet. Even if a young girl finds herself in need of advice there are now websites such as Yahoo Answers, Girls Ask Guys and Answerbag where she will be able to get (possibly dubious) responses to her question quickly from a variety of people across the world and there is also websites set up by charities offering advice on more serious matters such as abuse, bullying, drugs and sexual health. It is also worth having a brief look at the context of the magazine’s existence, with the early-mid 1960s being a reasonable period of progress in Britain. In the nation of Labour leader Harold Wilson’s â€Å"white heat† † (Sandbrook, 2005:737) – a nation still getting over the war, but  proudly (if cautiously) advancing in what historian Dominic Sandbrook called â€Å"a new era of creativity and progress† (Sandbrook, 2005:737)– it is only natural that Britain’s young women would have a need for their own entertainment and place for advice. While it is true that this is not the intended focus of the essay, such a background should not be ignored, and may go some way towards explaining the magazine’s eventual demise(arguably, rebranding) in the very different world of the 1990s.

The Secret Guardian of Gotham

The Dark Knight portrays Batman well enough for the audience to easily analyze Batman’s characteristics and personality. Batman is one of the most crucial characters in the movie. Bruce Wayne, or Batman, is portrayed as a billionaire and an owner of a gigantic industry, who actually at night works as a vigilante fighting criminals with his bare hands. Batman’s sense of morality, self-righteousness, and self-sacrificial attitude in his actions allow effortless classification of Batman’s characteristics in True Color’s Personality Test, Myers-Briggs Personality Test, and Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs. The way Batman believes the good in people, and the way he spends his nights for the safety of the people in Gotham proves that Batman is most likely the color blue from the True Colors Personality Test. People with blue characteristic hate with fervor, value harmony, give self to others, promotes feelings and warmth among people, and are too generous. Batman falls into all of these descriptions. Even though Batman abhors Joker, he never kills Joker despite all of the chances he is given because he believes in change in human potential, because he wants to inspire others through his actions, and because of his stern self righteousness of always wanting to do what is good for everyone. Also when Harvey Dent died after killing five people â€Å"fairly,† Batman tells Lieutenant Gordon to point the finger at him instead of Harvey Dent. Batman says, â€Å"You will hunt me. You will condemn me. Set the dogs on me, because that is what needs to happen,† (The Dark Knight) in order for people of Gotham to not lose hope by hearing and seeing the downfall of the Gotham’s White Knight, Harvey Dent. This sacrificing attitude is difficult to find in the characteristics of orange, green, and gold, but is the compassionate feature of the color blue. Towards the end of the movie, when Joker sees that the two ships didn’t bomb each other, Batman tells him, â€Å"This city just showed you that it is full of people ready to believe in good,† (The Dark Knight) implying that he, as well, believes in good nature of humans. From what is shown, my hypothesis would be that Bruce Wayne’s dichotomies are ESFJ, or extraverted, sensing, feeling, and judging. Even though Bruce Wayne is surreptitiously living another life as Batman, with only a few close confidants being aware of it, he seems to enjoy social gatherings and occasional dates with many different women. He approaches his criminals through high tech researches and careful observations of facts and proofs. Batman also does not use his sudden insights to act and rather weighs the different possibilities using his tangible sources. Therefore, I assume that Batman is more sensing than intuitive. Bruce Wayne is more feeling in the way he processes data because he considers the points of view of other people and he tries to do whatever establishes harmony within the society. For example, when Bruce Wayne had turned every cell phone in the city into a microphone and a high-frequency generator receiver, knowing that Lucius would not like such dangerous machine, he made it accessible and destructible by only Lucius. Also knowing that citizens of Gotham will lose hope and faith if they learn the truth behind Harvey Dent’s fall and death, Batman says, â€Å"Sometimes the truth is not good enough. Sometimes people deserve more. Sometimes people deserve to have their faith rewarded. † (The Dark Knight) Batman also shows his willingness to do whatever is needed to help Gotham by saying, â€Å"I am whatever Gotham needs me to be. † (The Dark Knight) Maybe because Batman is so engrossed in many different endless jobs he has to finish, he never seems to be having his pleasure and leisure time. He always seems to be task oriented and organized in his plans and well in control with the help of Alfred Pennyworth and Lucius Fox so that the plans never fail. Watching this movie, I could not help but notice the parallel between Jesus from the Bible and Batman. Just like the historical character Jesus, who supposedly had no sin and dedicated to give up his own life for the forgiveness of others, and who eventually gets accused by the same people who used to acclaim him as the â€Å"Savior,† Batman, who did nothing against the morals, gets chased by those who used to praise him as the â€Å"Hero,† by becoming the scapegoat. Therefore, in Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, even though I believe that Batman is sometimes on the level of safe and security because he gets injured often while fighting against criminals and Joker, Batman is primarily on the level of self-actualization. He truly dedicates himself for the benefit of others and to satisfy what the citizens of Gotham want. He knows what he is meant to do and does what he does not as a service for himself but as a guidance for the citizens of Gotham. Lieutenant Gordon, watching Batman run away, tells his son, â€Å"Because he is the hero Gotham deserves, but not the one it needs right now, so we will hunt him because he can take it. He is not our hero; he’s a silent guardian, a watchful protector, a dark knight. † (The Dark Knight) Bruce Wayne, Batman, or the Dark Knight’s characteristics summed together support Batman’s famous quote, â€Å"Batman has no limits. † (The Dark Knight) The way he dives into danger every day, cleans up all the violent and illegal mess made in Gotham, and sacrifices himself for people’s mental comfort proves his idealistic characteristics. Because he has no limit, I believe he was able to be the person and the hero portrayed in the movie. Without Batman, his perfect sense of morality, and his boldly courageous deeds, Gotham would not be the same.

Classical Management Theorists Frederick Taylor and Henri Fayol

Management approaches Andrew Vasylenko Scientific advisor – Senior teacher Hvan A. V. Poltava University of Economics and Trade Management in all business areas and organizational activities are the acts of getting people together to accomplish desired goals and objectives efficiently and effectively. Management comprises planning, organizing, staffing, leading or directing, and controlling an organization (a group of one or more people or entities) or effort for the purpose of accomplishing a goal. Resourcing encompasses the deployment and manipulation of human resources, financial resources, technological resources, and natural resources.Because organizations can be viewed as systems, management can also be defined as human action, including design, to facilitate the production of useful outcomes from a system. There are 6 management approaches, such as: The classical approach The human resource approach The quantitative approach The process approach The contingency approach The system approach 1. Frederick Taylor and Henri Fayol were both theorists of the classical management movement. The classical approach was the framework to what management is all about. Therefore it can be said that they laid the foundation for many theorists.Frederick Taylor was an important theorist of the early 20th century and he made many important contributions to management. He proposed the principles of scientific management which he believed would improve industrial efficiency. He believed management could be formulated as a discipline. Taylor’s principles of scientific management focused on cooperation between management and the workers as well as improving the technical skills of the workers. His approach is often referred to scientific management, Taylorism or Taylor’s principles. Fayol’s uggested that there were five main roles of managers, these being planning, organising, commanding, coordinating and controlling. 2. The Human Resources Manageme nt function includes a variety of activities, and key among them is deciding what staffing needs you have and whether to use independent contractors or hire employees to fill these needs, recruiting and training the best employees, ensuring they are high performers, dealing with performance issues, and ensuring your personnel and management practices conform to various regulations.Activities also include managing your approach to employee benefits and compensation, employee records and personnel policies. 3. Quantitative Management (also known as Operations Research) offers a systematic and scientific approach to problem solving and decision making in complex environments and situations of uncertainty and conflict. The discipline is characterised by a search for an optimal (best) answer for a problem by using quantitative (numerical) models. The use of mathematical models enables a decision maker to bett er understand the problems facing him/her and provides a tool for making inform ed and reasoned judgements.It can be applied in many areas: manufacturing, businesses management, banking, environmental planning, mining, housing and engineering projects, management consultancy – in fact, in every situation where numerical data are available and management or decision making takes place. 4. The process approach is a management strategy. When managers use a process approach, it means that they manage the processes that make up their organization, the interaction between these processes, and the inputs and outputs that glue these processes together. There are 12 typrs of processes: 1.Quality Management Process 2. Resource Management Process 3. Training and Awareness Process 4. Product Purchasing Process 5. Design and Development Process 6. Production Management Process 7. Service Provision Process 8. Product Management Process 9. Customer Relationship Management Process 10. Internal Quality Management Audit Process 11. Monitoring and Measuring Process 12. Man agement Review Process 5. The contingency approach believes that it is impossible to select one way of managing that works best in all situations like promoted by Taylor.Their approach is to identify the conditions of a task (scientific management school), managerial job (administrative management school) and person (human relations school) as parts of a complete management situation and attempt to integrate them all into a solution which is most appropriate for a specific circumstance. Contingency refers to the immediate (contingent or touching) circumstances. The manager has to systematically try to identify which technique or approach will be the best solution for a problem which exists in a particular circumstance or context.An example of this is the never ending problem of increasing productivity. The different experts would offer the following solutions: Behavioral scientist: create a climate which is psychologically motivating; Classical management approach: create a new ince ntive scheme; Contingency approach: both ideas are viable and it depends on the possible fit of each solution with the goals, structure and resources of the organization. 6. Applying the principle of system approach to management typically leads to: – Structuring a system to achieve the organization's objectives in the most effective and efficient way. Understanding the interdependencies between the processes of the system. – Structured approaches that harmonize and integrate processes. – Providing a better understanding of the roles and responsibilities necessary for achieving common objectives and thereby reducing cross-functional barriers. – Understanding organizational capabilities and establishing resource constraints prior to action. – Targeting and defining how specific activities within a system should operate. – Continually improving the system through measurement and evaluation.

Analyze the issues associated with sampling, validity, reliability and Assignment

Analyze the issues associated with sampling, validity, reliability and bias for both approaches - Assignment Example zed by randomization of research participants into control and experimental groups, followed by administration of a treatment to the intervention group (Cottrell & McKenzie, 2010). Non-experimental design is however suitable for exploratory analysis and involves observations for descriptive purposes (Morra-Imas, Morra, & Rist, 2009). Reliability is one of the necessities of an experimental design and defines dependability of results for deriving conclusion. Validity, however, defines truthfulness of data (Karwowski, 2010). The first level of Bloom’s taxonomy, remembering, offers a basis for analyzing potential issues to reliability and validity in experimental designs. Inability to remember data means that wrong information can be incorporated in a study. When this happens, the data and its analysis are no longer consistent with actual observation, inducing validity concerns. In addition, reported data from some sub sets of an experimental sample will deviate from those from o ther parts, inducing internal reliability concerns. When this is significant, developed conclusion may not be consistent with population parameters, inducing external reliability concerns. Using accurate data collection and recording instruments and immediate data caption can however ensure validity and reliability based on ability to remember (Sevilla, n.d.). Reliability and validity are also significant at the experimental design’s data analysis stage in which ability to understand involved concepts in information and to apply the developed knowledge in analysis are necessary (White, 2010). The need to understand features of each data set and to identify potential relationships establishes this because failure to understand and apply the features threatens dependability and truthfulness of data. The issues further threaten ability to make inferences and to investigate causal relationships, which are the main objectives of experimental design. Sampling and bias are also incident to

Summarize project procurement management and the processes to purchase Research Paper

Summarize project procurement management and the processes to purchase products or services needed for the project - Research Paper Example Solicitation planning deals with documentation of solicitation procedure (which is explained in the following selection). This part also includes some portions of procurement planning if they have been modified since inception (project procurement management, 1996). This process involves obtaining bids, quotes and offers from the sellers and sifting out the potential ones. It costs almost nothing to the performing organization as all the work is done by the selling parties (project procurement management, 1996). Source selection involves the analysis of quotes and bids obtained through solicitation procedure. This process is very straight forward where cost cutting is the primary selection criteria. Quotes are normally sorted into technical and commercial categories. Multiple quotes are considered for analyzing complex goods and services (project procurement management, 1996). It includes analyzing seller’s performance to see if it meets the contractual requirements criterion. For larger procurement orders, this involves managing interface between various providers. This sort of integration and coordination occurs at various levels and involves multiple sellers and products (goods/services) (project procurement management, 1996). It is the last step in the process and involves both product verification (checking if the whole working procedure was performed satisfactorily) and administrative closure (Updating the final result and keeping that data and documents in archives for future use). Contract terms and conditions usually govern the contract close-out. Termination of contract before its expiration is a special feature of contract close-out (project procurement management, 1996). Generic-families is just a synonym for classifying the procurements. It is very beneficial to categorize procurements. It reduces the complexity of various procured goods and services and makes it easier to identify objects against their event timings.

Special Needs Rule Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Special Needs Rule - Essay Example In the case of a student who requires to be searched, the authority directly involved is the school officials, and therefore should be directly involved in the search. A clear example is the case, New Jersey v.TLO, and in this case, the Supreme Court ruled that searches that do not have probable causes can only be legal if they are done by the school authority. School setting is always a special setting, and the allowed officials are the school authorities. However, the presence of the police is welcome, but has to be regulated. As posited in the case, New Jersey v. TLO, the setting of a school may require modification especially in terms of suspicion or suspecting. The police cannot just move in to make unwarranted searches, rather, the school officials should be the one to be used. After the suspicion is confirmed, then, the law would take its course, and this time it would be implemented by the police. According to Gardner & Anderson (2009), the move to control searchers due to individualized reasons is to avoid seizures without deeply based suspicion. There is always a high need to differentiate an emergent issue in terms of searches and searches within special situations. Emergent searches are only when in the confines of police administration or not in a confine of a special situation. Special searches have to be

Treating breast cancer with Radiographic therapy Essay

Treating breast cancer with Radiographic therapy - Essay Example The therapy refers to the use of specific rays in imagining thus monitoring the progress of the treatment. Additionally, the therapy includes the use of high-energy radiation to kill the cancerous cells thus eliminating the cancer. The therapy is effective since it destroys the DNA of the cancer cells thus discouraging the growth of such cells. While the use of radiation is efficient in killing the cancer cells, the radiations can destroy the normal body cells a feature that explains the extreme caution that doctors and patients must take during such therapies. The book investigates the nature of manifestation of the disease thus investigating the numerous methods of treatment key among which is radiographic therapy. The therapy begins with an equally effective diagnosis of the disease. The book explains that early determination of the cancer helps increase the effectiveness of the radiographic therapy. The book encourages self-inspection as a way of ensuring early detection of cancer â€Å"physical examination of a patient with breast cancer should begin with in inspection of breasts† (Winchester, David, Clifford and Larry 237). Such personal inspections of the breast investigate any irregular development in the breast. Inspecting the breast with the view to determining any anomalies is always an easy process especially for those with the tendency of doing so since they easily identify the varying types of anomalies that may hint cancerous growth. Effective early detection of the cancerous growth enhances the success of radiographi c therapy. The book explains that Radiographic therapy is essential even in other forms of cancer treatments such as surgical operations. After physical examination discussed above, patients should always seek radiography in order to validate the existence of cancerous cells in their breasts. The mechanism provides effective ways of capturing images of the internal parts of the body such as

The Strategic Management of Economy Hotel in China Essay

The Strategic Management of Economy Hotel in China - Essay Example Presentation and analysis of research methods 45 3.2.1 Research Strategy 45 3.2.2 Research Philosophy 46 3.2.3 Data collection 47 3.2.4 Research Sampling 50 3.2.5 Data analysis 51 3.2.6 Ethical considerations 53 3.2.7 Limitations of Research 54 Chapter 4: Findings and Discussion 55 4.1 Introduction 55 4.2 Demographic Findings: Home Inns 55 4.3 Survey Questionnaire Findings: Homes Inn 58 4.3.1 Role of External Factors 58 4.3.2 Role of Internal Factors 59 4.3.3.Ability to Cater Organizational Mission 59 4.3.4 Achieving Objectives 59 4.3.5 Strategy Consultation 59 4.3.6 Compliance 60 4.3.7 Feedback 60 4.3.8 Training and Development 61 4.3.9 Daily Briefings 61 4.3.10 Project Reports 61 4.4 Descriptive Statistics: Homes Inn 62 4.5 Interview Analysis: Homes Inn 64 4.5.1 Influence of External Factors on Strategic Management 64 4.5.2 Influence of Internal Factors on Strategic Management 64 4.5.3 Homes Inn’s Mission 65 4.5.4 Homes Inn’s Objectives 65 4.5.5 Strategy Development P rocess 66 4.5.6 Policy Structure and its Stakeholders 66 4.5.7 Training and Development Programs Offered to the Employees 67 4.5.8 Homes Inn’s Organizational Structure 67 4.5.9 Budgeting and Costing of Strategy Development and Implication 68 4.5.10 Implementation of Strategic Plan 68 4.5.11 Performance Evaluation Systems 68 4.5.12 Issue Identification Mechanism 69 4.5.13 Feedback Mechanism 69 4.6 Demographic Finding: China Lodging Group 69 4.7 Survey Questionnaire Findings: China Lodging Group 72 4.7.1 Role of External Factors 72 4.7.2 Role of External Factors 73 4.7.3 Ability to Cater Organizational Mission 73 4.7.4 Achieving Objectives 73 4.7.5 Strategy Consultation 74 4.7.6 Compliance 74 4.7.7 Feedback 74 4.7.8 Training and Development 75 4.7.9 Daily Briefings 75 4.7.10 Project Reports 75 4.8... This research will begin with the statement that it is the beauty of a country’s development and growth, that it provides enormous opportunities to the businesses within national borders to expand the size of their business. In addition, new businesses also come into existence which speeds up the process of developmental efforts. At one hand, manufacturing industry experiences the best time in its business life cycle, on the other hand, provides the services sector to put efforts on research and development. By doing this, service sector ensures that it delivers state of the art services which cannot be matched by the competitors. For this purpose, strategic management and its utilization for developing unique and value adding service structures become important. When a country is in growing stage, the most beneficial and profitable sector is considered to be the hospitality and food industry. This is because, with growth and development, a country receives a large number of f oreign tourists and delegates, who are visiting the country for business or pleasure. In addition, tourists and business travelers also travel from one city to another, which increases the requirement for accommodation and food facilities. China is considered as one of the biggest country of the world, population wise, and is the most speedily developing country of the world. China provides enormous opportunities to investors for making beneficial investments in the businesses. On the other hand, China has natural sights that attract millions of tourists each year.

Why Prefabrication housing in form of Volumetric system is not fully Dissertation

Why Prefabrication housing in form of Volumetric system is not fully used in UK housing - Dissertation Example Soon after the building regulation act of 1984, construction business faced a leap to comply with the highest standards because of many highlighted deficiencies of traditional construction methods compared to offsite modern methods. Up to a certain level, U.K. construction companies tended towards offsite construction; however, looking back to the supposed rise of volumetric and hybrid construction methods, limited involvement was observed onwards. Even till the middle years of last decade, while U.K. construction requirements had changed their facets over time, offsite construction is still falling in brevity. In fact, during 1999- 2004, involvement of offsite methods fell somewhere around 2.1% overall and 3.2% among latest constructions (Goodier & Gibb 2005), which raised questions for if volumetric construction methods have not suited U.K. Construction business, or it is the lack of proper skill and awareness to establish volumetric construction participating in U.K. industry majorly. It must be noticed that hybrid construction is also quite popular among the companies that often find out a separate method for a separate segment of their construction design; and therefore, concerning to the inexactness of calculation, it is not possible to provide a very exact data for how much prefabrication has made its place among the construction companies (Construction Manager 25 June 2004). For example, a constructor who decides to go for an onsite construction can opt for prefabrication of bathrooms and external walls only, because those segments will cost him less while his calculations may indicate him to opt onsite method for rest, or so. It leads to inquire for what offerings offsite construction methods hold and what restricts them from proposing strong alternatives of traditional onsite construction in U.K. Particularly for U.K., it becomes more bewildering and alarming because prefabrication is very popular among other developed countries that are relying more and more on module